Degenerative disc disease is a common cause of chronic neck and back pain. For many patients, symptoms can be managed with physiotherapy, medication, physical activity, and targeted injections. However, when pain persists and significantly affects quality of life, surgery may become an option. Today, one of the main modern surgical treatments for selected patients is artificial disc replacement. Unlike spinal fusion, which permanently immobilizes the affected level, disc replacement is...

Biportal endoscopic spine surgery (BESS) is rapidly gaining recognition across Europe as a new approach to address various spine pathologies. This minimally invasive technique is optimizing the way spine surgeries are conducted, offering patients reduced recovery times and less postoperative pain. What is Biportal Endoscopic Spine Surgery? Biportal endoscopic spine surgery is a surgical technique that allows surgeons to perform spine operations through small incisions using an endoscope. By...

When considering surgery for lumbar spinal fusion, understanding the different surgical approaches can be daunting. The two most common...